C6.2
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What are hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
Why do alkanes form a homologous series
They form a homologous series as they have features in common
What are the carbon atoms joined to each other by and are alkanes saturated or unsaturated
They are joined together by single covalent bonds, they are saturated.
What do alkanes burn in and what do they produce
The burn in oxygen in air, carbon atoms are oxidised to carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms oxidised to water.
When does incomplete combustion occur
Incomplete combustion occurs when there is a poor supply of oxygen.
What are the products of incomplete combustion
Carbon monoxide, water and carbon are produced.
What is the homologous feature of an alkene
They have one double bond
What is the general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
What is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
When there is one carbon what is the prefix
Meth
When there is two carbons what is the prefix
Eth
When there is three carbon what is the prefix
Prop
When there is four carbon what is the prefix
But
When there is five carbon what is the prefix
Pent
When there is six carbon what is the prefix
Hex
What is a functional group
A functional group is an atom, group of atoms or type of bond in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of the substance.
What is the functional group of alkenes
C=C
What is the test for an alkene or alkane
Add bromine water, if it’s an alkene the solution turns colourless as bromine reacts with alkenes but not alkanes.
When do alkenes undergo addition reactions with hydrogen
When there is a nickel catalyst present.
What is the functional group of an alcohol
-OH (hydroxyl) group
What is the general formula for an alcohol
CnH2n+1(OH)
What can alcohols undergo
Complete and incomplete combustion with the same products as before
What is the functional group for carboxylic acids
-COOH
General formula for carboxylic acids
CnH2n+1COOH