Topic 12: Ionic Bonding

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

5 common AX structure types examples + coordination numbers

Back (Answer)

NaCl (Na^+ and Cl^-) 6 Zinc Blende/ZnS (Zn^2+ and S^2-) 4 NiAs (Ni^3+ and As^3-) 6 wurtzite/ZnS (Zn^2+ and S^2-) 4 CsCl (Cs^+ and Cl^-) 8

Front (Question)

Many simple ionic solids can be described by … Anions are usually … than cations, therefore consider close-packed … arrays with … in the holes Remember the close-packed spheres only take up … of the available space

Back (Answer)

Starting from the packing of spheres larger anion cations 74%

Front (Question)

Tetrahedral holes occur …

Back (Answer)

where a sphere from one layer is over the centre of a triangle in the layer above or below

Front (Question)

Octahedral holes occur …

Back (Answer)

between layers where the centres of triangles from adjacent layers overlap

Front (Question)

HCP Spheres, Octahedral holes tetrahedral holes

Back (Answer)

2 2 4

Front (Question)

CCP Spheres, Octahedral holes tetrahedral holes

Back (Answer)

4 4 8

Front (Question)

If the cation becomes larger so can its … It will push the anions apart until the cation radius gets large enough to … site where they again just touch

Back (Answer)

coordination number force the anions to rearrange and form a higher coordination number

Front (Question)

Radius ratio =

Back (Answer)

radius of smaller ion/radius of larger ion

Front (Question)

Coordination number 3 shape and radius ratio

Back (Answer)

trigonal planar < 0.255

#10

Front (Question)

Coordination number 4 shape and radius ratio

Back (Answer)

tetrahedral 0.225 - 0.413

#11

Front (Question)

Coordination number 6 shape and radius ratio

Back (Answer)

octahedral 0.414 - 0.731

#12

Front (Question)

Coordination number 8 shape and radius ratio

Back (Answer)

cubic 0.732 - 0.999

#13

Front (Question)

Coordination number 12 shape and radius ratio

Back (Answer)

close-packed 1

#14

Front (Question)

NaCl/rock salt properties

Back (Answer)

CCP anions Octahedral holes filled

#15

Front (Question)

Zinc blende/ZnS properties

Back (Answer)

CCP anions 1/2 Tetrahedral holes filled to minimise cation-cation repulsions

#16

Front (Question)

NiAs properties

Back (Answer)

HCP anions Octahedral holes filled

#17

Front (Question)

wurtzite/ZnS properties

Back (Answer)

HCP anions 1/2 Tetrahedral holes filled to minimise cation-cation repulsions

#18

Front (Question)

CsCl properties

Back (Answer)

Primitive Cubic array 8 coordination cation

#19

Front (Question)

Lattice Enthalpy (U)

Back (Answer)

The amount of energy required to break up a solid and form gaseous ions AX(s) → A+(g) + X–(g) High = stable

#20

Front (Question)

Hess’s Law

Back (Answer)

The energy change of a process depends only upon the energies of the initial and final states and not the route taken

#21

Front (Question)

z^+/z^- =

Back (Answer)

charges on the ions

#22

Front (Question)

e =

Back (Answer)

charge of an electron (1.602 × 10^–19 C)

#23

Front (Question)

d0 =

Back (Answer)

inter-atomic distance Add both radii together + convert to m

#24

Front (Question)

NA =

Back (Answer)

Avogadro’s constant 6.022 *10^23 mol^-1