3. Reversible Reactions and Equilibria
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (10)
What symbol indicates reactions are reversible?
⇌
Describe the reversible reaction of the dehydration of hydrated copper(II) sulfate.
• Dehydration (heating): • CuSO₄ 5H₂O → CuSO₄ + 5H₂O • Forms anhydrous CuSO₄ (white crystals/powder) • Endothermic (energy absorbed to remove water) Reaction is reversible and changes color (blue ↔ white). • Rehydration (adding water): • CuSO₄ + 5H₂O → CuSO₄ 5H₂O • Exothermic (energy released)
Describe the reversible reaction of the effect of heat on ammonium chloride.
• Decomposition (heating): NH₄Cl (s) → NH₃ (g) + HCl (g) • Recombination (cooling): NH₃ (g) + HCl (g) → NH₄Cl (s) Solid ammonium chloride ⇌ ammonia + hydrogen chloride gases
Where can a reversible reaction reach dynamic equilibrium?
In a sealed container.
State the characteristics of a reaction at dynamic equilibrium.
• The forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate • The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
How does a catalyst affect chemical equilibrium?
• Does not change the position of equilibrium. • Increases the rate of both forward & backward reactions equally. • Equilibrium concentrations remain the same, but it’s reached faster.
State the effect of increasing temperature on equilibrium?
Shifts equilibrium towards the endothermic reaction.
State the effect of decreasing temperature on equilibrium?
Shifts equilibrium towards the exothermic reaction.
State the effect of increasing pressure on equilibrium (gases)?
Shifts equilibrium towards the side with fewer moles of gas.
State the effect of decreasing pressure on equilibrium (gases)?
Shifts equilibrium towards the side with more moles of gas.