C5 - Chemical changes 1️⃣✅
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What is the mneumonic to remeber the order of the reactivity series?
P ossums S ometimes L ick C ats M ichael C an’t Z ipline I nto H is C ar
Using the mneumonic for the reactivity series, list the reactivity series in order.
• Potassium • Sodium • Lithium • Calcium • Magnesium • Carbon • Zinc • Iron • Hydrogen • Copper
What elements are less reactive than carbon?
• Zinc • Iron • Hydrogen (non metal) • Copper
What elements are more reactive than carbon?
• Potassium • Sodium • Lithium • Calcium • Magnesium
What is a displacement reaction?
A displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from a compound that contains the less reactive element
What is oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance whilst also being the gain of oxgyen by a substance.
What is reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons by a substance whilst also being the loss of oxygen by a substance
What is a redox reaction?
When oxidation and reduction take place at the same time (red – reduction, ox – oxidation)
What is an oxidising agent?
The chemical that causes oxidation by providing oxygen
What is a reducing agent?
The chemical that causes the other chemical to be reudced by removing oxygen
What happens when metal reacts with oxygen?
A metal oxide is produced
What is pH?
A measure of how acidic and how alkaline a solution is
What do low numbers represent on the pH scale?
Most acidic
What do high numbers represent on the pH scale?
Most alkaline
What is the pH of something that is neutral?
7
What is an acid?
Any substance that forms an aqueous solution with a pH less than 7
What is a base?
Any substance with a pH greater than 7
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7
What happens when you react an acid and a base together?
A neutralisation reaction
What will a neutrilisation reaction always produce?
A salt and water
What is a commonly used acid?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
What is a commonly used base?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
What ions do acids produce?
H+
What ions do bases produce?
OH-