Nervous System

basic structural unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell

carry impulses toward the cell body

carries impulses away from the cell body

many axons have a lipid (fat) covering called a myelin sheath which increases the rate of impulse transmission and insulates and maintains the axon.

combination of many nerve fibers located outside the brain and spinal cord

nerves carry messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord

nerves carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

consists of the brain and spinal cord

consists of the nerves and two divisions: the somatic nervous system and the automatic nervous system

carries messages between the CNS and the body

contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work together to control involuntary body functions

a mass of nerve tissue well protected by membranes and the cranium or skull

the largest and highest section of the brain. The outer part is arranged in folds, called convolutions and serperated into lobes, responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, judgement, speech, sensation, sight, smell, hearing and voluntary body movement

the section below the back of the cerebrum, responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone.

the section located between the cerebrum and midbrain. its contains two structures: the thalamus and hypothalamus

acts as a relay center and directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum. it also allows conscious recognition of pain and temperature

regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system, temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep and blood vessel constriction, and dilation. also involved in emotions such as anger, pain, fear, pleasure, and affection

the section located below the cerebrum at the top of the brainstem. it is responsible for conducting impulses between brain parts and for certain eye and auditory reflexes

the section located below the midbrain and in the brainstem. it is responsible for conducting messages to other parts of the brain; for certain refles actions including chewing, tasting, and saliva production; and for assisting with respiration

the lowest part of the brainstem. it connects with the spinal cord and is responsible for regulating heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing and blood pressure.

continues down from the medulla oblongata and ends at the first or second lumbar vertebrae. it is surrounded and protected by the vertebrae, responsible for reflex actions

three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

thick, tough outer layer of the 3 meninges membranes

the middle layer is delicate and weblike of the 3 meninges