Cardiovascular System: Capillary Beds and Blood

Groups of interconnected capillaries that facilitate the exchange of gas and solutes between the blood and interstitial fluid. Made up of endothelial cells that rest on a basement membrane. beds are groups of interconnected capillaries that facilitate the exchange of gas and solutes between |

• Diffusion • Through Intercellular Clefts • Vesicular Transport

Channels between adjacent endothelial cells.

• Continuous • Fenestrated • Sinusoid

Capillaries with a nonporous continuous endothelium. Most common type + most IMpermeable.

Capillaries with pores that increase their permeability; found in kidneys & small intestine.

Capillaries with a discontinuous endothelium; permits passage of large particles + blood cells. MOST permeable capillary.

Resistance of the vessels to the flow of blood due to FRICTION. Resistance increases = rate of blood flow decreases. Diameter and length of the vessel + volume and viscosity of the blood affect this.

• Plasma (55%) • RBC, WBC, platelets

Clear straw-colored; made of water, plasma proteins (albumin, antibodies, clotting proteins), carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, salts, gases, hormones, and waste products. 92% is water

Most of the cells in the blood; (AKA erythrocytes). No organelles = hemoglobin percentage of red blood cells by volume is called hematocrit and averages about 42% for women and |

Protein to which oxygen and carbon dioxide can bind.

Percentage of RBCs by volume. (42% for women 46% for men)

(leukocytes) the only blood cells with nuclei. NOT confined to blood; move in and out of vessels.

(thrombocytes) cell fragments that initiate clotting, and outnumber WBCs about 40:1.

The production of red blood cells; occurs in the red bone marrow.

Hormone (produced by the kidneys and liver) targets the marrow + stimulates myeloid stem cells to differentiate into erythroblasts. are low, the hormone erythropoietin (produced by the kidneys and liver) targets the marrow, |

Nucleated cell occurring in red marrow as a stage in the development of the red blood cell

Erythropoietin————>stimulate myeloid stem cells————> erythroblasts——————————————->reticulocytes—————————–>erythrocytes are formed Erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells) occurs in the red bone marrow. When oxygen levels |

Lymphocytes Monocyte

WBC: 2 types B cells and T cells

WBC. Characterized by a well-defined nucleus. They play important role in the body’s immune response to pathogens. Produced in bone marrow.

WBC with granules in its cytoplasm. Fight against infections and allergens. There are several types of these kinds of WBCs. basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells. Some categorizations of granulocytes merge mast |