Barriers To Participation: Ethnic Backgrounds
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What is the definition of sex?
Biologically male/female
What is the definition of gender?
Culturally determined roles
What is the definition of sexism?
When men/women discriminated against through stereotypical views of strength/qualities in sport or against gender roles within society
What is meant by inclusiveness & equal opportunity? How is this denied?
Equal chance to participate regardless of gender, sexual preference, age, race & social class Lack of facilities Inadequate recreational/sporting infrastructure Lack of sufficient personal resources Discriminatory actions against individuals denying them access to facilities, clubs, teams or elite sport
What is meant by social exclusion? Which groups suffer from this?
Groups with lowest participation rates in active recreation from same groups that been most likely to be socially excluded Ethnic background Females Disability Demographics/rural areas/inner cities Youth Age Low income
Why are some groups of people socially excluded?
Traditional discrimination - to make distinction to give unfair treatment because of prejudice Prejudice - opinion/attitude, unfavourable one based on inadequate facts, often displaying intolerance/dislike of people due to race, religion, gender or culture. If prejudice acted upon it’s discrimination Stereotype - standardised image/concept shared by members of social group whereby certain behaviour traits associated with particular types of individuals or groups. Usually involves negative images/expectations relating to gender, race & people with disabilities
What is meant by ethnic background?
Group of people who share common origins - cultural, religious or linguistic E.g. White, black Caribbean, black African, black other, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese Sport England’s report showed there’s significant variation between ethnic groups & between males & females within these groups
What is meant by a barrier to participation?
(Perceived) Obstacle that prevents individual from participation in activity, excluding their own capabilities
What could account for these differing levels of participation?
People from minority groups suffer discrimination from prejudice & find it harder to access opportunities or voluntarily avoid situations where discrimination/prejudice are anticipated Higher than average % of people from ethnic minority communities in economically deprived areas & have lower disposable income Evidence suggests personal health & exercise culturally valued, but devoting time & other resources to reach elite level may be discouraged Women & young girls may find participating in sport more difficult due to traditional views within family & difficulties over mixed sex groups & dress codes