16. Fertilisers
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What 3 elements are needed for plant growth?
Why must N P and K be in th forms they are and not as elements?
Elemental forms are not soluble in water and can’t be taken up by roots
What is a fertiliser?
A soluble salt containing one or more of N (as NO3- ions) P (as PO43- ions) K (as K+ ions)
How are salts made?
By neutralising acids with bases.
What is the molecular formula for ammonia?
NH3
What shape is the ammonia molecule?
Trigonal pyramidal
Show how the outer electrons are shared in an ammonia molecule
What are the properties of ammonia?
What is the equation for the reaction of ammonia with water
What is the chemical test for ammonia?
Turns damp pH paper blue
What is the balanced equation for the formation of ammonia from elements?
Haber process diagram
What is the catalyst in the Haber process?
Iron (Fe)
What is the temperature and pressure in the Haber Process
Temp: 450ºC Pressure: 200 atmospheres
What is the name of process to make Nitric Acid?
Ostwald Process
What is the catalystr used in the Ostwald Process?
Platinum
What is the temperature in the Ostwald Process?
850 ºC
What are the 3 steps in the Ostwald Process?
• Catalytic oxidation of Ammonia to form Nitrogen Monoxide • Oxidation of Nitrogen Monoxide to form NO2 • Reaction of NO2 with water and oxygen to form Nitric Acid
What is eutrophication?
The introduction of excess nutrients to a water system