6D: Halogenoalkanes
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What is meant by the term nucleophile?
A lone pair donor
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous potassium hydroxide: Condition, Product, Nucleophile.
Heat under reflux, Alcohols, Hydroxide ion.
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrate: Condition, Product, Nucleophile.
In ethanol, Alcohols, Water.
Describe the reactions Halogenoalkane -> alcohol
React with aqueous potassium hydroxide, Heat under reflux. or React with aqueous silver nitrate, in ethanol.
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with potassium cyanide: Condition, Product, Nucleophile.
Dissolve in ethanol and heat under reflux, Nitriles, Cyanide ion.
Describe the reaction Halogenoalkane -> Nitrile
React with potassium cyanide, Dissolve in ethanol and heat under reflux.
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with ammonia: Condition, Product, Nucleophile.
Concentrated ammonia dissolved in ethanol + heat in a sealed tube. Amines, Ammonia.
Describe the reaction Halogenoalkane -> Amine
React with concentrated ammonia, Dissolved in ethanol.
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with ethanolic potassium hyrdoxide: Condition, Product, Base.
Heat under reflux, Alkenes, Hydroxide ion.
Describe the reaction Halogenoalkane -> Alkene
React with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, Heat under reflux.
What reagent is used to compare the rates of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes?
Aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol
What is the trend in reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes?
Tertiary = most reactive Primary = least reactive
Explain the trend in reactivity of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes.
The C-Cl bond has the highest bond enthalpy, So the bond is stronger and takes more energy to break, So reactivity increases down the group.