1. Cells and Genomes

the study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells

distinguishes life from other processes, in which orderly structures are generated but without the same type of link between the peculiarities of parents and the peculiarities of offspring

“the key to every biological problem must finally be sought in the cell; for every living organism is, or at some time has been a cell”

ribose, uracil (U) in place of thymine (T)

what is the base

long, unbranched, paired polymer chains, formed always of the same four types of monomers.

All living cells on Earth store their hereditary information in the form of _ _ _ _ _ _

The shape of the RNA molecules may enable it to

Production of two other key classes of polymers

nucleotide, consists of two parts: sugar and phosphate group

4 bases

DNA to RNA

RNA to proteins

RNA transcripts are

molecules that guide the synthesis of proteins according to the genetic instructions stored in the DNA

Function of RNA, it intermediates … ?

RNA molecules have distinctive structures that can also …?

interspersed among the segments that code for protein; expression of individual genes

Protein carries information in the form of a

monomer of proteins; 20 type

a segment of DNA sequence corresponding to a single protein or set of alternative protein variants or to a single catalytic regulatory, or structural RNA molecule

each cell is enclosed by a

consisting of a hydrophobic (water-insoluble) and a hydrophilic (water-soluble) parts, creating a bilayer

largely determine which molecules enter the cell