Respiratory system
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What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To bring oxygen (O₂) into the body and remove carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Where does gas exchange happen?
In the alveoli.
Why are alveoli good for gas exchange?
They have a huge surface area and thin walls.
What does hemoglobin do?
Carries oxygen in the blood (over 60× more oxygen).
What does mucus do
Traps dust, smoke, and germs.
What do cilia do?
Sweep trapped particles upward to be swallowed or spit out.
diaphragram:What happens when you breathe in?
Chest expands, diaphragm contracts (moves down).
diaphragram: What happens when you breathe out?
Chest contracts, diaphragm relaxes (moves up).
What is asthma? symptoms?
chronic disease where Inflammation and narrowing of the bronchi happens symptoms: Wheezing, coughing, sudden breathing difficulty.
What structures does air travel through on its way into and out of the lungs?
Nose/Mouth → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli (air sacs)This pathway lets air move into the lungs and back out when you breathe.
What is spontaneous pneumothorax? symptoms?
Lung collapse due to air in the chest cavity. symptoms: Chest pain, fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, bluish skin.
How does gas exchange happen in the alveoli and capillaries, and how many alveoli do we have?
Oxygen goes from the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries, and Carbon dioxide goes from the blood into the alveoli so you can breathe it out. Humans have about 300 million alveoli in their lungs.
Pneumonia is… what happens in pneumonia
An inflammatory lung infection affecting alveoli. in pneumonia the alveoli is filled with fluid
How do asthma and pneumonia affect the lungs differently?
Asthma: Airways become narrow and inflamed, making it hard to breathe (usually triggered by allergens or exercise). Pneumonia: The alveoli fill with fluid or pus because of infection, making gas exchange difficult.
What is COPD? causes?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — long-term lung damage. causes: Smoking, air pollution, work conditions.
Why is breathing hard in COPD?
Air gets trapped → less fresh air.