Psychology SAC

A judgement that someone makes about an object, person, group, event, or issue.

A feeling or emotional reaction. E.g. Crying, stomping around.

The way we express our attitudes through action. E.g. Someone participating in recycling programs.

Beliefs and knowledge of the world used while forming attitudes. E.g. Believing it is essential to exercise regularly to maintain good health.

All components line up (All negative, All positive)

Not all components line up.

A positive or negative opinion is formed solely relying on initial information about a person, place, or thing. E.g. When someone looks physically attractive and assumed to be kind, intelligent, and sociable.

A personal attribution is an explanation due to the characteristics of the person involved, such as their personality, attitude, motivation, mood, or effort.

Situational attribution is an explanation of behaviour due to factors associated with the situation the person is in.

It is the tendency to overestimate the influence of personal factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors on other people’s behaviour.

When judging ourselves, we tend to take credit for our successes and deny responsibility for failure.

The persons’ behaviour tends to be more salient than the situation in which it is occurring.

Bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people.

It is the tendency to attribute our own behaviour to external or situational factors, yet attribute others to internal person factors.

A generalisation about the personal characteristics of the members of a social group that can be positive or negative.

Negative labels and attitudes associated with disapproval or rejection by others who are not labelled in that way.

Is a positive or negative behaviour towards a social group ad its members, based solely on being a part of that social group.

Prejudice can be reduced through intergroup contact between two groups who are prejudiced against each other.

Sustained or ongoing contact, either directly or indirectly over a period of time.

Certain types of direct contact between members of different groups can reduce prejudice.

A goal that cannot be achieved by any one group and overrides other existing goals which each group might have.

An unpleasant psychological state that occurs when people become aware there is inconsistency among their various beliefs, attitudes, or other ‘cognitions’.

• Change your cognition or belief. • Change your behaviour to suit your cognition. • Add new cognitions.

A term to describe the variety of therapeutic approaches designed to address psychological problems at the cognitive level, by the activation and analysis of thoughts, experiences, senses, and memories.