Ecology & The Environment
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Definition of Population?
All the organism of a particular species found in an ecosystem.
Define Community?
All the populations of all the species found in an ecosystem at any one time.
Define Ecosystem?
A distinct, self-supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and the environment.
On a Pyramid of energy how much energy is lost on each trophic level? And why?
You loose around 90% of energy between each level. Energy released in respiration is used in making new cells then ‘fixed’ in molecules and pass on to next trophic level. If not, energy is used then lost as heat.
What are the advantage of the pyramid of energy?
Energy is directly comparable. Relative energy flow between different ecosystems can be compared to each other. Amount of energy lost between levels is easily identifies. There are not inverted pyramids. Input of solar energy can be added.
What are the disadvantages of the pyramids of energy?
To determine energy value of organism requires complete combustion. Still difficult to assigning the organisms to a specific trophic level as well as organisms in the food chains and there is a problem of assigning the decomposers and detritivores to a specific trophic level.
Equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide+Water—->Oxygen+Glucose
Equation for Respiration?
Oxygen+Glucose—-> Carbon Dioxide+Water
Draw the Carbon Cycle?
Draw the Nitrogen Cycle?
What is waste called in the carbon cycle?
Detritus
Three type of bacteria/organisms especial to the nitrogen cycle?
Decomposers Nitrogen fixing bacteria Nitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria
Why is Nitrogen needed for living organisms?
Making protein and bacteria.
Why can’t nitrogen be used directly by living organisms?
It is unreactive
What converts nitrogen gas directly into nitrates?
Lightning
What nitrogen containing compound is released by decomposers?
Ammonia
Which type of bacteria convert ammonia to nitrate?
Nitrifying bacteria
Which type of bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates?
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Where are nitrogen fixing bacteria found in?
Root nodules of legumes and free in soil (e.g soy beans)
Name the characteristics of all living organisms? (MRS GRENC)
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition Control/Homeostasis
What is a Producer
Plants which photosynthesize to produces food
What is a consumer?
Animals that eat plants or other animals
What is a decomposed?
Organisms that break down dead material and help to recycle nutrients
What are meant by biotic and abiotic factors?
Living components of an ecosystem are biotic and the non-living factors are the abiotic factors.