Chapter 14
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use of fertilizers in agriculture
• replace inorganic nutrients removed by plants - do not replace organic matter
plants require (2)
• macronutrients 2. micronutrients
macronutrients
• large quantities • nitrogen • phosphorus • potassium
micronutrients
• small quantities • boron • zinc • manganese and others • just as important, just dont need as much of it
N:P:K ratios
N=nitrogen P=phosphorus K=potassium
impacts of fertilizer use (2)
• runoff into waterways • stimulates growth of algae • oxygen level in water goes way down • impacts aquatic organisms • creates “dead zones”
pesticides
chemicals used to kill or control the population of unwanted fungi, animals, or plants (pests)
persistent pesticides (example)
• pesticides that last over a long period of time - DDT = extremely persistent
problems with pesticide use (6)
• persistence • bioaccumulation • biomagnification • development of pesticide resistance • effects on nontarget organisms • human health concerns
bioaccumulation
nontarget organisms accumulate pesticides in body fat
biomagnification
pesticide increases in concentrations as you move up the food chain
human health concerns (5)
• death/illness • long term impacts • mental development • cancer • reproductive