organic chemistry
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explain how crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation
-firstly crude oil is heated to a very high temperature -this causes the crude oil to boil -all of the hydrocarbons eavporate and turn into gas -the hydrocarbon vapour is fed into the fractionating column -the fractionating column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top -the hydrocarbon vapours rise up the column -they condense when they reach their boiling point liquid fractions are then removed the remaining hydrocarbons can rise up the column these condense whne they reac htheir boiling point very long chain hydrocarbons have high boiling points these hydrocarbons are removed at the bottom of the column very short chain hydrocarbons have low boiling points. these dont condense they are removed at the top of the column as gases
fractional distillation contains fractions fractions contain hydrocarbons with similar numbers of atoms some fractions are used as fuel list the fuels these fractions can be used for
-petrol -diesel -liquified petroleum gas heavy fuel oil
some fractions are used as feedstock in the petrochemical industry what chemicals can they be used to make
• detergents • poymers • solvents • lubricants
what is meant by feedstock
feedstock means chemicals used to make other chemicals