Organic 1 Section 3 - Unit 11: Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Actual ratio of the number of atoms in a molecule

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Compounds where the functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Hydrocarbon chain is organised differently

When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space

• E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds • If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z isomer • If they are on different sides, it is the E isomer

• Same functional group - Same general formula

By a dot before or after the molecule

• The breakage of a bond to form 2 free radicals - Each atom gets one electron from the covalent bond

A reactive species which possess an unpaired electron

• The breakage of a bond to form ions - One atom gets both electrons from the covalent bond

By a curly arrow that starts from a lone electron pair or from another covalent bond

By a curly arrow starting from the bond

• When there is restricted rotation around the C=C double bond. • When there are two different groups attached both ends of the double bond

• Compare the atomic number of the atoms directly attached to each side of the double bond • The atom of higher atomic number is given priority