Computationalism
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Eliminativism
A strong form of anti-realism about intentionality (Quine)
Intentional realism
Realism regarding representation Hold that representational properties are genuine aspects of mentality
Levels of analysis
Marr had 3 levels: Computational theory, representation and algorithm, and hardware implementation
Computational theory
Psychology Premise/goal What is the goal of the computation, why is it appropriate, and what is the logic of the strategy by which it can be carried out?
Representation and algorithm
Computer science Procedure How can this computational theory be implemented? In particular, what is the representation for the input and output, and what is the algorithm for the transformation?
Hardware implementation
Neuroscience How can the representation and algorithm be realized physically?
3 tenets of computationalism
Systematically interpretable Implementation independence Symbol manipulation
Systematically interpretable
Symbols are interpreted the same way
Implementation independence
Since C = C it can be implemented everywhere
Symbol manipulation
Symbols can be manipulated so they mean new things
C = C
Cognition = computation
Turing indistinguishability
Can the machine and human being be separated, do they look/act the same?
Turing machine
An abstract model of an idealized computing device with unlimited time and storage space at its disposal. The device manipulates symbols Input: symbols Operations: formal Output: processed symbols
Turing test
Test to see if a computer can “think”
Deterministic
Believing that everything that happens must happen as it does and could not have happened any other way, or relating to this belief
Representation (Marr)
A formal system for making explicit certain entities or types of information, together with a specification of how the system does this
Description (Marr)
The result of using a representation to describe a given entity
Formal scheme (Marr)
A set of symbols with rules for putting them together
Process
Very broad term: “I want to restrict our attention to the meanings associated with machines that are carrying out information-processing tasks”
The purpose of vision
Vision, in short, is used in such a bewildering variety of ways that the visual systems of different animals must differ significantly from one another. The main job of vision [is] to derive a representation of shape
Algorithm
An explicit, step-by-step procedure for answering some question or solving some problem
Symbols
Primitive symbols are drawn from a finite alphabet. Something is a symbol only if it has semantic or representational properties
Turing model
Mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
Universal Turing machine (UTM)
Can mimic any other Turing machine A programmable general purpose computer Has unlimited memory