LECTURE CHAPTER 2

English scientist and inventor ___ Uses a primitive compound microscope to observe boxlike cavities in slices of ___ and ___. He called these compartments “____”

• ___ theory is originally proposed by ___ and ___ • According to ___, all plant tissues was composed of cells • According to ___ describes animal cells as being similar to plant cells • They are credited with the unifying cell theory

Cell theory 1. 2.

German scientist ____ recognized that all cells came from pre-existing cells

• No nucleus or other membrane bound organelles - Kingdom ____ - Kingdom ____ • have nucleus and membrane bound organelles - kingdom ____ - kingdom ____ - kingdom ____ - kingdom ____

• Can vary in shape • Lacks cell wall • do not have chloroplasts • Smaller Vacuole • Have lysosomes • Have centrioles

• Fixed, rectangular shape • Have rigid cell wall • Contains chloroplasts • Have large central vacuole • Lacks lysosomes • Lacks centrioles

• The ___ sorrounds the cell • The ___ is the largest organelle • Double layered ____

• ___Refers to the cellular material between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope • organelles such as the ____, _____, ___, and ____ are found in the cytoplasm

Plasma membrane are consist of two layers of ____ molecules oriented with ___ heads toward the outside and ____ tails inside

• The nonpolar nature of the hydrophobic ends in the interior of the membrane prohibit polar substances from crossing the membrane • ____ embedded in the membrane function in the transport of molecules across the membrane

• NUCLEUS - • The ___ contains pores to allow molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm • ____ are contained in the nucleus • ____ refers to loosely condensed DNA and proteins

• ____ are specialized parts of certain nucleus that carry multiple copies of the DNA used to synthesize ____ • The rRNA combines with protein to form the two subunits of ____ • Ribosomes leaves the nucleus through ___ in the nuclear envelope

• The nuclear envelope joins with a cytoplasmic membranous system the _____ • _____ is covered with ribosomes, ___ is not

• ___ has ribosomes attached to its surface because it is involved in the synthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion or insertion into membranes • ___ and ___ are synthesized in the SER

• A stack of membranous vesicles where storage, modification, and packaging or protein product occurs

• Contain enzymes (proteins) that can breakdown foreign material like bacteria or worn out cellular components • may pour enzymes into ___ • ____ occurs here (process by which a cell engulfs large particles, such as bacteria or dead cells, and brings them into the cell.)

• ___ are the powerhouse of the cells ___ is produced here • Composed of a double membrane -the inner membrane is folded into ___ • ___ are self replicating, containing their own circular DNA molecule

• Eukaryotic cells have a ____ that provides support and often locomotion and movement organelles • Composed of microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments

• ___ are made of the proteins called ___ and ___ and function in a cells ability to contract as seen in muscle cells • ___ microfilaments move molecules and organelles through the cytoplasm

• are larger tubular structures composed of the protein ___ • Moves chromosome during cell division • Part of the structure of cilia and flagella

• Microtubules radiate out from the ___ the microtubules organizing center • Located near nucleus • ___ are found in the centrosome • Centrioles composed of __ triplets of microtubules (replicate before cell division)

___ and ___ are motile extensions of the cell surface