Plant biology 1
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who won the nobel prize for developing resistant, high yield grain?
Normal Borlaug
what is a perennial plant?
lives more than 2 years
what is willow a source of?
aspirin
what does foxglove have a treatment for?
digitalis - cardiac problems
what is pacific yew a treatment of?
taxol - cancer
what does the cinchona tree bark contain and what for?
quinine - kills plasmodium
what are CAM plants adapted to?
dry climates
what are plants descended from?
cyanobacteria and eukaryotic ancestor
what were the 1st plants?
glaucophytes
what two examples do the glaucophytes contain?
red algae - rhodophytes, green algae - chlorophytes
what photosynthetic accessory pigment do rhodophytes contain?
phycoerythrin - can change colour
what did land plants evolve from?
green algae
what were the main challenges of land plants?
desiccation and high UV
in charophytes, what prevented exposed zygotes from drying out?
sporopollenin
what do all land plants have? (4 things)
multicellular dependant embryos walled spores produced in sporangia apical meristems multicellular gametangia
how are nutrients transferred from parent to embryo?
placental transfer cells
where are apical meristems found?
the tip of the root and shoot (the apices)
what do land plants also have?
cuticle mycorrhizae secondary compounds
what are non-vascular land plants called?
bryophytes
there are poikilohydric, what does this mean?
lose and gain water to environment
what are the 3 main groups of the bryophytes?
liverworts (hepaticophyta) the mosses (bryophyta) hornworts (antherocerotophyta)
which bryophyte group has sphagnum and what does it form?
the mosses, peat
what are non-vascular plants characterised by?
uptake of water by capillary action
name the seedless vascular plants
lycophytes and pterophytes