6.2 Attitudes
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Describe the term ‘Attitude’
Attitude is the combination of an individuals beliefs, feelings and actions causing them to behave in a certain way
Is an individuals attitude fixed?
Attitudes are deeply rooted within an individual. Although not permanent and can be changed, it is proved to be difficult.
Explain how attitudes are developed
Attitudes are organised through experience, therefore, developed through experiences.
Identify the factors which effect the development of attitude
Past experiences Socialisation Education Media Cultural norms Social learning
Identify the model suggesting that attitude is made up of three components
Triadic model
Describe and identify the components of the triadic model
A.B.C Model portrays an individuals attitude, positive or negative, towards an exercise based activity. Affective: emotions/ feelings Behavioural: actions Cognitive: beliefs/ideas
Give a practical example of the triadic model
Affective “i enjoy playing squash” Behaviour “i train everyday and compete in club competitions” Cognitive “i believe that i can be a successful squash player”
Explain how an individuals attitude can be measured
Since attitude is linked to behaviour, one can observe, record and analyse an individuals behaviour in situations that are likely to reflect their attitudes and then behaviour. A questionnaire or survey is a valid source in terms of measuring attitudes.
Identify the theories involved when aiming to change an individuals attitude
• Persuasive communication theory • Cognitive dissonance theory
Explain what is suggested by the persuasive communication theory
The persuasive communication theory suggests that for an attitude to change, the individual must understand and retain a message. There are four elements involved in this theory: • Persuader • Message • Situation • Recipient
Identify when the persuasive communication theory is most effective
• When the MKO is perceived as an expert or trustworthy • When the message is clear and appropriately balanced between emotions and logic
Describe the elements of the persuasive communication theory
• Persuader - needs to be perceived as significant. • Message - needs to be presented in a way that makes the recipient want to change an attitude. • Situation - attitudes are easier to change if there are other persuaders present. • Recipient - attitude is more easily changed if the recipient wishes it to be changed.
Explain what is suggested by the cognitive dissonance theory
The cognitive dissonance theory suggests that all the elements within the triadic model (ABC) need to be consistent for an attitude to change. If two beliefs conflict then cognitive dissonance is experienced.
Identify how a negative attitude could be changed in terms of the cognitive dissonance theory.
Affective - positive experience and reinforcement, varied practice, role models. Behavioural - persuasive communication by an expert/MKO, peer pressure. Cognitive - Educating, set goals, emphasise health benefits.