Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele (called recessive) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.

Science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Mendel’s second law of inheritance that states that factors (alleles) controlling different traits go to gametes independently of each other.

Mendel’s first law of inheritance that states that the two factors (alleles) that control a given trait separate and go to different gametes.

Austrian monk who lived in the 1800s and discovered the laws of inheritance by careful, repeated experiments with pea plants; called the “father of genetics”.

Process by which pollen is transferred from a male reproductive structure of a plant to a female reproductive structure of the same plant or a different plant of the same species so fertilization can occur.

Referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele (called dominant) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.

One of the alternate versions of a particular gene.

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene.

Type of genotype in which an individual has wo different alleles for a gene.

Type of genotype in which an individual has two of the same allele for a gene.

Expression of an organism’s genotype as a trait in the organism.

Chart for determining the possible genotypes and their likely ratios in offspring of two parents of given genotypes.

One of two chromosomes (in humans, X or Y Chromomsome) that determine the sex of an individual in a sexually reproducing species.

Trait controlled by a gene on a sex chromosome.

Use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes.

Treatment of a genetic disorder by inserting a normal gene into a patient with a defective gene.

Organims that has been given one or more new genes so it will have traits that make it more useful to people.

Disease caused by a mutation.

All the genetic information of a species.

International effort to sequence all 3 billion bases in human DNA, which began in 1990 and achieved its goal by 2003.