Atomic Structure ( AS )
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what letter is used to represent the atomic number of an atom?
Z
what does the atomic number tell us about the element?
number of protons in a atom
what letter represents the mass number
A
how is the mass number calculated?
number of protons+number of neutrons
define relative atomic mass
average mass of all isotopes of an element relative to 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom
what are isotopes?
elements with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons
how many orbitals and electrons do these shells contain(1s,2p,3s,3d,4s)
a)1s-1 orbital, 2 electrons b)2p-3 orbitals, 6 electrons c)3s-1 orbital, 2 electrons d)3d-5 orbital, 10 electrons e)4s-1 orbital, 2 electron
why does the 3d orbital fill before the 4s orbital?
the 3d orbital gets filled before the 4s orbital because its closer to the nucleus and requires less energy to fill up
what is a orbital?
area of probability of finding a electron
what would be the relationship between 2 electrons in the same orbital?
have opposite spin because they both have a negative charge so they would repel each other
explain why chromium does not fit the trend for electron configuration
it only has one electron in its 4s orbital before filling the 3d orbital
name one of the ionisation used for mass spectrometery
electron impact: electron gun(hot wire filament with current flowing through it emitting electrons) knocks off one electron from each particle to form 1+ ion
describe how a time of flight mass spectrometer works
1)Acceleration- positive ions attracted towards negatively charged plate( ions accelerated to have the same kinetic energy) 2)Ion drift- ions are then deflected by a magnetic field into a curved path. The radius of their path is dependent on the charge and mass of the ion 3)Detection - When the positive ions hit the negatively charged detection plate, they gain an electron, producing a flow of charge. The greater the abundance, the greater the current
define first ionisation energy
the amount of energy needed to remove one mole of electron from one mole of gaseous atom to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ion
Explain why aluminium doesn’t fit the ionisation energy trend
Aluminium has its outer electron in the p orbital, which is at a higher energy level and is less attracted to the nucleas because it’s further away from it, so less energy is needed to remove that one electron