Unit 2: Exercise Physiology A
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ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Define Energy.
The capacity or ability to perform work.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Where does energy come from?
The breakdown of ATP for all bodily functions.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What is Adenosine Triphosphate?
An energy rich molecule made up of adenosine and 3 phosphates, linked by high energy bonds.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What is ATP splitting?
The high energy bond contains energy that when released powers muscle contraction. When splits, it creates ADP and a free phosphate, energy comes from the PC split, the function of the energy systems us to reattach the free phosphate, replenishing ATP.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What is the ATP splitting equation?
ATP = ADP + Pi + Energy
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What is ATP resynthesis?
ATP must be resynthesised for exercise to continue. ATP splitting process is reversed to generate new ATP, muscles only store limited ATP, so must be able to create own.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What are the 3 energy systems for the production of ATP?
ATP-PC or Phospagen System Lactic Acid or Anaerobe Glycolysis System Aerobic or Aerobic Glycolysis System
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS How does Creatine Phosphate replenish ATP?
Molecule similar in function to ATP and used for the reaction ADP + Pi = ATP.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Where does Creatine Phosphate come from?
Half is synthesised by the body, the other half comes from the dietary intake of animal muscle.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What are the 3 food fuels?
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Discuss Carbohydrates.
Primary source of ATP production when exercising. There are simple (sugars/high GI) and complex (starches / low GI) carbohydrates.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Provide examples of simple and complex carbohydrates.
Simple - release energy quickly Jelly beans, sports drinks, dried fruit Complex - release energy slowly Breads, grains, pasta, potato
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS How do Carbs replenish ATP?
when digested, they are converted to glucose for blood transportation and stored as glycogen in muscles and liver. Glycogen provides the energy for ATP production under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS How do Fats provide energy?
Provide the major source of energy for long term physical activity and at rest.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What foods do fats come from?
Dairy products, nuts, fatty meats, oils.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Where are fats stored?
Broken down to fatty acids, circulating the blood as triglycerides. They are found in the muscle or liver, stored in adipose tissue.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Discuss Protein.
Contain amino acids which are important for growth and repair. Amino acids are transported by the blood and are found in the muscles, enzymes and hormones.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS How does Protein contribute to ATP production?
Only minimally contribute to ATP production and is used in extreme conditions (starvation, ultra-marathon) when body is depleted of carb and fat stores.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What is hitting the wall?
A condition of sudden fatigue and loss of energy which is caused by the depletion of glycogen stores when it starts to rely on fat.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What is glycogen sparing?
The ability to use fats for energy, particularly aerobic exercise, instead of burning glycogen. This saves glycogen for later use.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS What does the energy system which produces ATP depend on?
Duration Intensity Aerobic Fitness Degree of Recovery
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Discuss ATP-PC System.
Used for activities that require 8-10secs of high intensity, short duration eg. 100m sprint Not an efficient system as PC stores are exhausted after 10secs Is anaerobic PC stores can be replenished during low intensity exercise or at rest and takes approx. 3 minutes
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS How many moles does ATP-PC system produce?
1 mol.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS When does the Lactic Acid System become predominant?
After approx. 10-30secs, the contribution of the ATP-PC system begins to diminish (depending on intensity) and the Lactic Acid System takes over.