Topic 4: Biological Molecules
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Amino acids
Small molecules from which proteins are synthesised
Benedict’s test
Glucose blue to brick red
Biuret test
protein blue to violet
Carbohydrates
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen A large molecule that is synthesised from simple sugars.
Cellulose
A type of carbohydrate made from many glucose molecules joined together. It is the main component of the cell wall in plants.
Complementary base pairing
Describes how cross-links form between complementary base pairs. A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
DCPIP test
vitamin C blue to colorless
DNA
A double-stranded polymer of nucleotides, wound to form a double helix, that carries the genetic code.
Emulsion test
lipids colorless to cloudy
Fats
Lipids that are solid at room temperature.
Fatty acids
Small molecules from which fats are synthesised (along with glycerol). A molecule of fat contains three fatty acid molecules.
Glucose
A small molecule from which many carbohydrates (e.g. glycogen, starch, cellulose) are synthesised.
Glycerol
A component of fat molecules.
Glycogen
A type of carbohydrate made from many glucose molecules joined together. It serves as an energy store in animals.
Iodine test
Starch Orange brown to blue blavk
Nucleotides
The monomers of DNA
Lipids
A group of large molecules that are synthesised from fatty acids and glycerol.
Oils
Lipids that are liquid at room temperature.
Protein
A large molecule that is synthesised from amino acids.
Solvent
A substance which other solutes are dissolved in e.g. water.
Componenets of carbohydrates
CHO
componenets of protein
CHON (S)
COmponents of lipids
CHO
Components of nucleic acid
CHONP