Final Review: Unit 10
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chromatin
loose DNA
chromosome
coiled DNA
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
what macromolecule/monomer is DNA
nucleic acid; nucleotides
four different types of DNA
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
structure of DNA
double helix
two major components of DNA
sugar-phosphate backbone, nitrogen bases
if DNA is like a ladder, what is the backbone like, what are the nitrogen bases
rails; steps
parts of a nucleotide
phosphate group + deoxyribose (backbone), nitrogen bases
types of nitrogen bases
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
chargaff’s rule is aka
base-pair rule
chargaff’s rule
of adenines = # of thymines, # of cytosines = # of guanines
what type of bonds are between base pairs
hydrogen bonds
what bases pair together
a and t, c and g
how many bonds between a and t
two
how many bonds between c and g
three
purine
having two rings
pyrimidine
bases that have one ring
what base pairs are purine
a and g
what bases are pyrimidine
c and t
dna strands being complementary means
the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequences of bases on the other strand
genetic code of life
the order of nitrogen bases
human genome project
maps all the nitrogen bases in humans
friedrich miescher
discovered a substance with nitrogen and phosphorus in pus, named in nuclein because it came from the nucleus, was DNA