B2 Redox + Periodicity
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Oxidation number of element
0
Oxidation number of group 1
1+
Oxidation number of group 2
2+
Oxidation number of flourine
1-
Oxidation number of oxygen in H2O2
1-
Oxidation number of hydrogen in H2O2
1+
What substance gets the negative oxidation number in a compound
The most electronegative
Sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound
0
Sum of oxidation numbers in an ion
Charge of ion
What happens to oxidation number when a substance is reduced
Decreases
What happens to oxidation number when a substance is oxidised
Increases
When writing systamatic names, when does the Roman numeral oxidation number come
• In brackets after the element • e.g Titanium (IV) Oxide
In metal and acid reactions, what is reduced and what is oxidised
• Metal oxidised • Hydrogen reduced
Meaning of oxidation
• Loss of electrons • Increase in oxidation number
Meaning of reduction
• Gain of electrons • Decrease in oxidation number
Define Disproportionation
Reduction and oxidation of the same element in the same reaction
Define Oxidising Agent
• Removes electrons from another species buy accepting them • Increasing species oxidation number
Define Reducing Agent
• Donates electrons to another species by loosing them • Decreasing species oxidation number
How to write elemental half-equations
• Calculate overall charge on each side • Add electrons to more positive side • Ensure fully balanced
How is the periodic table arranged
Increasing atomic number
How to write half-equations for acidic conditions
• Balance the element changing oxidation state • For every oxygen, add an H2O to the other side • For every hydrogen, add an H+ to the other side • Use electrons to ensure both sides have the same charge
What do elements in periods in the periodic table have
Repeating trends in physical and chemical properties
What do elements in groups of the periodic table have
Similar chemical properties
Define Periodicity
The repeating trends in physical and chemical properties across different periods