5.1 The internet and the world wide web
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What is the internet?
A worldwide collection of interconnected series of devices and networks
What is the full form WWW?
World Wide Web
What does WWW mean?
A collection of websites and webpages accessed via the internet
Differences between internet and WWW? both- 4
Internet: * User can send and recieve emails * allows online chatting * uses of transmission protocols (TCP) and internet protocols (IP) * Worldwide Collection of Interconnected Networks and Devices WWW: * URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) are used for the location of the web pages * Uses HTTP(S) protocols that are written using Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) * Web browsers can access web pages. * Collection of webpages and other information on websites
URL full form
Uniform Resource Locator
What is the defination of URL?
A URL is a text-based address for a web page
Three main components of URL
Protocol Domain name Web page / file name
What protocol is used in URLs
HTTP or HTTPS
A URL looks like this:
protocol://domain/path E.g. https://www.example.com/index.html the HTTPS protocol, the domain name “www.example.com”, the file name is “/index.html”.
Full form of HTTP and HTTPS
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTPS: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
What is HTTP or HTTPs (defination)
They are set of rules that must be maintained while transmitting data between clients and servers
Why is HTTP not safe
sends data in plain text format, making it vulnerable to interception and manipulation
Why is HTTPS safer than HTTP?
uses encryption to protect data transferred between a client and a server, making it harder for unauthorised users to intercept or manipulate data
What is the purpose of a Web Browser?
• to render and interpret hypertext markup language (HTML) and display web pages
Functions of a web browser 6
• – storing bookmarks and favourites • – recording user history • – allowing use of multiple tabs • – storing cookies • – providing navigation tools • – providing an address bar
how are the web pages for the website are requested and displayed on a user’s computer
DNS-> Domian Name Sever The browser sends the URL to the DNS [1] The DNS returns the IP address matching to the URL to the browser [1] The browser sends a request to the web server [1] The web pages are sent from the web server to the browser The browser interprets and renders the HTML to display web pages [1]
What are cookies?
Cookies are small files that are stored on a user’s device by a website.
Uses of cookies?
– saving personal details – tracking user preferences – holding items in an online shopping cart – storing login details
2 Types of cookies
session cookies persistent cookies
Session Cookies
• These are temporary and are stored only during a user’s browsing session • Once the browser/website is closed the session is terminated • They are used to maintain a user’s state or activity during a single session,
Persistent Cookie
• Are stored on a user’s device for a longer period, usually for a few weeks to several years • Used to remember user preferences and settings, such as language preferences, login details, and shopping cart items