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11. Alcohols

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Total cards: 15•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (15)

#1
Front (Question)

Advantages of Direct Hydration

Back (Answer)

• high purity ethanol made • continuous production method • fast (high rate of reaction)

#2
Front (Question)

Disadvantages of Direct Hydration

Back (Answer)

• crude oil = non renewable • high pressure + temp = expensive as needs lots of energy • high tech equpment needed = expensive

#3
Front (Question)

Photosynthesis Equation:

Back (Answer)

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

#4
Front (Question)

Fermentation Equation

Back (Answer)

C6H12O6 -> 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2

#5
Front (Question)

Combustion Equation

Back (Answer)

2CH3CH2OH + 6O2 -> 4CO2 + 2H2O

#6
Front (Question)

why isn’t bio-ethanol considered carbon neutral?

Back (Answer)

processes in production/distribution of bioethanol require fossil fuels that release CO2 e.g: harvesting, transport, extracting

#7
Front (Question)

Advantages of fermentation

Back (Answer)

• uses renewable resource (glucose) • lower temp = less energy = low cost • low tech equpment = cheaper

#8
Front (Question)

Disadvantages of fermentation:

Back (Answer)

• land used to grow crops isn’t vailable for food production • impure ethanol made needs distilling • low yield • slow rate of reaction

#9
Front (Question)

Feature + purpose of condenser

Back (Answer)

Features: - open at both ends - cold water flows around outside Purpose: - cools hot vapour + condenses back into liquid

#10
Front (Question)

purpose of antibumoing granules

Back (Answer)

prevents formation of larger bubbles

#11
Front (Question)

Reflux Steps

Back (Answer)

• aldehyde vapour rises + enters condenser • aldehyde vapour cools and condenses and drops back into reaction mixture

#12
Front (Question)

Why is reflux used to oxidise primary alcohol to carboxylic acid?

Back (Answer)

doesn’t allow any remaining reactant vapour to escape

#13
Front (Question)

Describe what happens when reaction mixture is refluxed and why it’s necessary to complete oxidation for a carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

• ethanol + acidified K2Cr2O7 are heated to bpt for prolonged period of time • ethanal vapour is formed which escapes from liquid reaction mixture and is then condensed back into liquid and returned to reaction mixture

#14
Front (Question)

why is distillation used when forming an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?

Back (Answer)

allows aldehyde vapour to escape reaction mixture and prevent further oxidation

#15
Front (Question)

ethanol can be oxidised to ethanal or ethanoic acid. describe how ethanal can be made in high yield as opposed to ethanoic acid

Back (Answer)

• use distillation • heat at bpt of ethanal • collect ethanal as its distilled off