2.2 Structure of practise for learning
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Identify and explain the methods of presenting practise
Whole practice - performing the whole skill (in its entirety) without breaking it into subroutines. Whole part whole practice - practicing the whole skill, identifying the weakness and practising them in isolation before integrating back into the entire skill. Progressive part practice - first subroutine of skill is practised until perfected, then the rest are added in a sequence until the whole skill can be performed.
Explain when the methods of presenting practise are suitable to be utilised.
Whole practice - highly organised skill, simple, discrete, continuous nature of the skill, when kinaesthesis is highly important within the skill Whole part whole - complexed and fast Progressive part practice - low organisation, complex, dangerous
What level of performer would benefit from whole practise?
Autonomous
Identify advantages and disadvantages of an athlete partaking in whole practise
+ Development of fluent action + Realistic + Develop good habits + Create clear mental image + Kinaesthesis is developed + Easily transferred into a full game • Not suitable for cognitive performers • Information overload • Fatigue • Physical capability of producing full skill
What level of performer would benefit from whole part whole practise?
When a performer is cognitive and integrating individual parts. An autonomous performer could benefit from this practise as it allows the individual to concentrate on specific weaknesses. - High organisation
Identify advantages and disadvantages of an athlete partaking in whole part whole practise
+ Kinaesthesis is maintained + Weak sections can be focused on and improved + Fluency + Confidence • Kinaesthesis can be negatively effected if subroutines are not integrated adequately • Time consuming • Not suitable for highly organised skill
What level of performer would benefit from progressive part/chaining practise?
A cognitive performer
Identify advantages and disadvantages of an athlete partaking in progressive part practise
+ Reduces chance of info overload + Avoids fatigue + Aids understanding of each part + Confidence and motivation + Danger is reduced • Very time consuming • Not suitable for highly organised skills • Fluency is negatively affected • Kinaesthesis only experienced at the end
Give an example of when Progressive part practise may be beneficial?
The learning of a dance routine
Give examples of when whole practise may be beneficial?
• Golf swing • Tennis serve • Cycling • Forward roll
Explain the difference between methods of presenting practise and the different types of practise?
Methods of presenting practise is how the training is gonna be structured (how are you going to present the skill being taught (training) to performer) Types of practise involves how the learner is going to learn/practice the skill
Identify the different types of practise
Massed - continuous training with no rest periods Distributed - training with periods of rest Variable - practicing a skill in an environment that constantly changes Mental - going over a skill in the mind without moving
In terms of the type of skill and type of performer, when would massed practice be beneficial
Massed practice when a skill is - discrete - closed - self paced - simple Massed practice when a performer is: - motivated - autonomous - fit
In terms of the type of skill and type of performer, when would distributed practise be beneficial?
Distributed practice when a skill is: - continuous - complex - serial - low organisation - externally paced - open Distributed practice when a performer is: - cognitive - unfit - lacking motivation
In terms of the type of skill and type of performer, when would variable practise be beneficial?
Variable practice when a skill is: - open - externally paced - complexed Variable practice when a performer is: - cognitive - lacking motivation
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of massed practise
+ Motor programmes are formed + Improves fitness + Skill becomes habitual • Fatigue • May not physically be capable of undertaking the practise • No time for feedback
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of distributed practise
+ Allows time for recovery + Allows time for mental practise + Feedback can be given + Motivational • Time consuming • Negative transfer could occur after rest period is given
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of variable practise
+ Motivational + Performer gains experience from changing environment + Positive transfer from training to game situation + Develops schema • Time consuming • Fatigue • Info overload • Negative transfer
In terms of the type of skill and type of performer, when would mental practise be beneficial?
Mental practice when a skill is: - complexed - serial Mental practice when a performer is: - cognitive (build a clear mental image) - autonomous
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of mental practise
+ Clear image + Can rehearse strategies/tactics + Increases confidence + Reduce anxiety + Reaction time is improved • Difficult for cognitive learner to to complete effectively • Mental image must be accurate • Difficult if environment is not quiet
Give an example of variable practise
6 vs. 7 in rugby
Give an example of massed practice
Basketballer continuously practising a 3 pointer
Identify what kind of practise these terms make up: Whole, Whole part whole, Progressive part practice
Methods of presenting practise
Which type of practise is incorrect: Massed Whole Variable Mental
Whole is incorrect as it belongs to methods of presenting practice Massed Distributed Variable Mental