food constinuents
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What are the 6 essential nutrients?
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals water
Why are they called “essential”?
These substances needs to be consumed in food for the body to function, grow, repair itself and provide energy. The body cannot make essential nutrients.
The reaction done to store sugars as complex carbs involves the loss of what molecule?
Water (H 2 O)
What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates are monosaccharides or disaccharides (1or 2 sugar molecules), also called simple sugars. Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides, can be up to 1000s of glucose molecules joined together as starch, cellulose or glycogen.
What foods can you find carbohydrates in?
Plant sourced foods: fruit, vegetables, grains
What are the three elements that make up all carbohydrates?
Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
What is a carbohydrate? What is the purpose of having carbohydrates in our diet?
An organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy.
Explain the process of photosynthesis and how it relates to nutrition.
Photosynthesis is the process where plants used carbon dioxide from the air, water from the soil, energy from the sun and convert them to glucose and oxygen. Glucose is the basic sugar molecule that all other carbohydrates are built from. The energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy by the plants which can then be used by the body.
Which nutrients are macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein Carbohydrates
What regulates our blood sugar?
The hormone insulin
What makes glucose and fructose molecules different? What makes them the same?
They have a different arrangement of atoms. Glucose has 6-sided ring, fructose has a 5-sided ring. Same molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6 .
What is sucrose made of? What type of reaction is this?
1 glucose and 1 fructose molecule joined together. Dehydration (loss of water).
What is a monosaccharide? Disaccharide? Polysaccharide?
-Single sugar molecule (eg. Glucose, fructose) -Two sugar molecules joined together (eg. Sucrose, lactose) -Polymer (really long chain) of sugar molecules. (eg. amylose, cellulose, glycogen, amylopectin).
Describe the two structures of starch. Which one is more common?
Amylose is a long unbranched chain of glucose molecules. Amylopectin is more common a highly branched polymer of glucose, the major form of starch found in plants.
Where are excess carbohydrates stored? As what complex carb?
Excess carbs are stored in the body as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
What are the two types of protein found in milk?
Casein & whey
How do proteins become functional?
A polypeptide chain needs to be properly folded to become a functional protein.
What is the name of the protein in egg whites?
Albumen
What is denaturation?
Denaturation: A protein molecule becomes denatured when it becomes unfolded without breaking the peptide bonds. The twists and folds of proteins come apart and it becomes less compact protein and not functional. Ex; beating scrambled eggs
what is coagulation?
Coagulation occurs when denatured proteins collide and clump together to form a solid. Both can occur with increased heat or increased acidity. ex; cheese
How are food allergies and proteins related?
When the body’s antibodies recognize a food protein as a foreign invader and begins an immune response.
What are 3 roles of water in the body?
Main fluid in cells and blood. Regulates body temperature via sweat Lubricates and cushions joints Protects sensitive tissues Gets rid of waste through urination, perspiration and bowel movements
List 6 roles of proteins in the body.
Growth and Maintenance; structure, Chemical reactions, Immune system, Messengers, Fluid balance, Energy
What type of vitamin can be stored in the body?
Fat-soluble.