CH 4 The Respiratory System allows gas exchange

The system specialied to facilitate the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide

The throat and it joins the mouth cavity and the oesophagus

The tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach

A cartilage flap at the base of the pharynx that covers the trachea during swallowing

The structure at the top of the trachea that contains the vocal cords

Membranes in the larynx that vibrates to produce sound

The tube that takes air from the throat to the lungs

Primary bronchi, Secondary bronchi and Tertiary bronchi

Bronchiole and Terminal bronchioles

A membrane covering the surface of the lungs

A thin layer of fluid within the pleura that allows the lungs to move during breathing

Air sacs in the lungs

The process of inhalation and exhalation

Breathing in • decreased air pressure inside the lungs by increasing volume in the lungs • External intercostal muscles contract & internal intercostal muscles relax to lift rib cage up • diaphragm contracts to become flatter (this causes a largervolume and thus an area of low pressure) • Air enters the lungs moving from area of high pressure to low pressure

Breathing out • increased air pressure inside the lungs by decreasing volume in the lungs • External intercostal muscles relax and internal intercostal muscles contract to lower rib cage • diaphragm relaxes to become dome shaped (this causes a smaller volume and thus an area of high pressure) • Air exits the lungs from an area of high pressure to low pressure

A disease of the lungs that damages the alveoli; caused by the long term exposure to irritants

Growth of a tumour in the lungs

A lung infection that causes fluid and mucus to build up in the alveoli, causing difficulty breathing

A lung infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis

An allergic condition that causes narrowing of the airways and difficulty breathing

A very small air tube in the lung

A difference in concentration of a solution, often between the inside and outside of a cell

The first branching from the trachea, entering the left and right lungs

The artery that takes blood from the heart to the lungs