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more synthetic routes

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Total cards: 6•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (6)

#1
Front (Question)

Benzene –> nitrobenzene

Back (Answer)

Benzene + HNO3 --> nitrobenzene + water Reagent: HNO3 (conc) condition: H2SO4 (conc) catalyst Mechanism: electrophilic substitution Low temp to prevent further substitutions

#2
Front (Question)

Benzene –> halogen benzene

Back (Answer)

Benzene + halogen –> halogen benzene + hydrogen halide reagent: halogen condition: halogen carrier (eg AlBr3) catalyst mechanism: electrophilic substitution

#3
Front (Question)

esterification (with carboxylic acid)

Back (Answer)

alcohol + carboxylic acid –> ester + water reagent: any alcohol + carboxylic acid condition: acid catalyst/heat mechanism: alcohol acts as Nucleophile, H+ protonates the C=O bond

#4
Front (Question)

esterification (with anhydride)

Back (Answer)

alcohol + anhydride –> ester + carboxylic acid reagent: any alcohol + anhydride conditions: H+ catalyst / heat mechanism: alcohol acts as nucleophile, H+ protonates C=O group

#5
Front (Question)

esterification (with acyl chloride)

Back (Answer)

alcohol + acyl chloride –> ester + hydrogen chloride (HCl) reagent: any alcohol + acyl chloride condition: H+ catalyst / heat mechanism: alcohol acts as nucleophile + H+ protonates C=O group

#6
Front (Question)

nitrobenzene –> aminobenzene

Back (Answer)

nitrobenzene + HCl –> aminobenzene + ??? reagent: HCl condition: Sn (tin) catalyst / heat