5.1 The characteristics and classification of skill"

Fleishman’s Physical Proficiency (Gross Motor)Abilities - Health related · Extent flexibility · Dynamic flexibility · Explosive strength · Static strength · Dynamic strength · Trunk strength · Gross body co-ordination · Gross body equilibrium · Stamina

skill = ability + selection of an appropriate technique

-the consistent production of goal-oriented movements, which are learned and specific to the task

Technique- a “way of doing” - the way in which a sport skill is performed

Gross - Fine Open - Closed Discrete - Serial - Continuous Externally paced - Internally paced Individual - Coactive - Interactive

performed in a stationary environment. Highly controlled by the individual, who dictates the initiation example: free throw in basketball indoors by yourself

skill performed in an unstable environment, where the environment stimuli determine the initiation of the movement example:netball, football, hockey

skills that may be performed in unison with other competitors, but do not involve direct confrontation or contact example: 100 m sprinting

the ability to solve problems by thinking example: chess because it requires thinking therefore cognitive skills

has no obvious beginning or end, actions are repeated in a cyclical form example: swimming, cycling

brief and defined actions that have a definitive start and end to their movement. Single, specific actions example: penalty kick in football

the environment (including opponents) control the pace at which the skill is executed, these factors will affect the performance and must be taken into account by the performer. Tennis Return: In tennis, when a player receives a serve from their opponent, returning the ball requires externally paced motor skills. The player must quickly process the speed, spin, and trajectory of the incoming ball and adjust their position, footwork, and racquet swing accordingly. The timing, accuracy, and power of their shot depend on their ability to read and respond to the external cues provided by the opponent’s serve. The player’s motor skills are externally paced because they need to react in real-time to the actions of their opponent and the movement of the ball

small and intricate movements using small muscles often at the extremities (such as fingers, toes, wrists and tongues ) examples: hand movement in a cricket bowl

large movements using large muscles or involving whole muscle groups example: kicking a football movements such as rolling over, kicking, flipping

skills performed in isloation (solo) example: high jump

skills performed where others are directly involved (game sports) example: rugby

performer dictates the rate of speed that the skills are performed, often comprise of closed skills example: javelin and discuss

the physical execution of a skill (the voluntary muscle movement) example: weighlifting, (emphasises movements not much thinking required)

involve the thought, interpretation and movement skills example: dribbling with the ball in soccer to beat a defender

the process by which you sense things and interpret them example: golf

a sequence of discrete skills joined together to create a greater movement example: triple jump

Ability refers to a general trait or capacity of the individual that is related to the performance and performance potential of a variety of skills or tasks.