ELECTROLYTES

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Ions that are capable of carrying an electric charge

Back (Answer)

Electrolytes

Front (Question)

Fluid that is one third of the total body water 16 Liters

Back (Answer)

Extracellular fluid

Front (Question)

Fluid that is two thirds of the total body water 24 L

Back (Answer)

Intracellular fluid

Front (Question)

Major Extracellular Cation, hence the major contributor of Osmolality

Back (Answer)

Sodium

Front (Question)

Sodium’s plasma concentration depends greatly on the intake and excretion of __

Back (Answer)

Water

Front (Question)

Reference Value of Sodium

Back (Answer)

135 - 145 mmol/L

Front (Question)

Promotes absorption of sodium in the distal tubule Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion

Back (Answer)

Aldosterone

Front (Question)

Blocks aldosterone and renin secretion, and inhibits the action of angiotensin II and vasopressin Causes Natriuresis

Back (Answer)

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

Front (Question)

• Diabetes insipidus • Renal tubular disorder • Prolonged diarrhea • Profuse sweating • Severe burns • Vomiting • Fever • Hyperventilation

Back (Answer)

Excess Water Loss Hypernatremia

#10

Front (Question)

• Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s disease) • Sodium bicarbonate infusion • Increased oral or IV intake of NaCl • Ingestion of sea water

Back (Answer)

Increased water intake or retention Hypernatremia

#11

Front (Question)

• Diuretic use • Saline infusion

Back (Answer)

Increased Sodium loss Hyponatremia

#12

Front (Question)

• Renal failure • Nephrotic syndrome • Aldosterone deficiency • Cancer • Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion • Hepatic cirrhosis • Primary polydipsia • CNS abnormalities • Myxedema

Back (Answer)

Increased water retention Hyponatremia

#13

Front (Question)

Defined as an increased sodium concentration in plasma water, Sodium levels >145 mmol/L Caused by loss of water, gain of sodium or both

Back (Answer)

Hypernatremia

#14

Front (Question)

Most common electrolyte disorder Reduced plasma sodium concentration <135mmol/L

Back (Answer)

Hyponatremia

#15

Front (Question)

Reduction in serum sodium concentration caused by a systematic error in measurements

Back (Answer)

Pseudohyponatremia

#16

Front (Question)

Most common, yet not widely known cause of pseudohyponatremia is ___, a well known cause of pseudohyperkalemia

Back (Answer)

In Vitro Hemolysis

#17

Front (Question)

• Serum Na - Low • Urine Na - Low • 24-hour Na - Low • Urine Osmolality - Low • Serum K - N/L

Back (Answer)

Overhydration

#18

Front (Question)

• Serum Na - Low • Urine Na - Low • 24-hour Na - High • Urine Osmolality - Low • Serum K - Low

Back (Answer)

Diuretics

#19

Front (Question)

• Serum Na - Low • Urine Na - High • 24-hour Na - High • Urine Osmolality - High • Serum K - N/L

Back (Answer)

SIADH

#20

Front (Question)

• Serum Na - Mildly elevated • Urine Na - Normal • 24-hour Na - N/A • Urine Osmolality - High • Serum K - High

Back (Answer)

Adrenal Failure

#21

Front (Question)

• Serum Na - Low • Urine Na - Low • 24-hour Na - High • Urine Osmolality - Low • Serum K - Low

Back (Answer)

Bartter’s Syndrome

#22

Front (Question)

• Serum Na - Low • Urine Na - Normal • 24-hour Na - Normal • Urine Osmolality - Normal • Serum K - High

Back (Answer)

Diabetic Hyperosmolality

#23

Front (Question)

Methods used for detection of Sodium levels:

Back (Answer)

• Emission Flame Photometry • Ion Selective Electrode (Glass Aluminum silicate) • Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry • Colorimetry

#24

Front (Question)

Major Intracellular Cation Single most important analyte in terms of abnormality being immediately life threatening

Back (Answer)

Potassium