atoms and water properties
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what does the atomic number represent?
the atomic number represents the number of protons there are
valence
the term used to describe the electrons in the outermost energy level
formula to find the number of neutrons
atomic mass - protons = number of neutrons
what are carbon-based molecules called?
organic molecules
chemical bonds
attractions between unstable atoms
covalent bond
attraction where atoms share electrons
polar molecule
uneven charge
hydrogen bonds
a bond between two molecules
polarity
uneven charge
what happens to water when it freezes
it expands and becomes less dense when it freezes
cohesive
an attraction between molecules of the same substance - pulls water molecules together - responsible for surface tension
high heat capacity
the amount of heat energy needed to increase substance temp. - hydrogen bonds in water make it hard for molecules to move faster and increase temp.
adhesive
attraction between molecules of different substance - capillary action is responsible for water rising up a narrow tube
universal solvent
water dissolves more substance than any other liquids - solutions are made out of one or more solutes in a solution - non polar, no mix
solute
what is dissolving
solvent
what does the dissolving