26.4 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

What are carboxylic acid derivatives?

Back (Answer)

molecules which can be HYDROLYSED to form CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Front (Question)

What are 4 examples of carboxylic acid derivatives?

Back (Answer)

ESTERS ACYL CHLORIDES AMIDES ACID ANHYDRIDES

Front (Question)

What group do all carboxylic acid derivatives contain?

Back (Answer)

acyl group RCO (OH from carboxylic acid is removed + replaced)

Front (Question)

What is the functional group of esters?

Back (Answer)

-COOR

Front (Question)

What is the functional group of acyl chlorides?

Back (Answer)

-COCl

Front (Question)

What is esterification?

Back (Answer)

Reaction of CARBOXYLIC ACID + ALCOHOL ⟶ ESTER + WATER

Front (Question)

Under what 2 conditions can esters be hydrolysed in?

Back (Answer)

ACIDIC hydrolysis ALKALINE hydrolysis

Front (Question)

What does acidic hydrolysis of an ester form?

Back (Answer)

CARBOXYLIC ACID + ALCOHOL (reverse of esterification)

Front (Question)

What does alkaline hydrolysis of an ester form?

Back (Answer)

CARBOXYLATE + ALCOHOL (reflux with aqueous OH-)

#10

Front (Question)

During general hydrolysis of an ester, what condition is used to make sure the reaction is complete?

Back (Answer)

reflux

#11

Front (Question)

What do you call molecules which can be HYDROLYSED to form carboxylic acids?

Back (Answer)

carboxylic acid derivatives

#12

Front (Question)

How do you form a carboxylic acid from a carboxylate?

Back (Answer)

Add H+ ions

#13

Front (Question)

How do you prepare an ester in the lab?

Back (Answer)

• alcohol + carboxylic acid (1:1) • • Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst • Place in water bath @ 80°C - ester has formed, but unreacted carboxylic acid remains. • • aqueous sodium carbonate which reacts with excess carboxylic acid to remove, forming salt + water + carbon dioxide.

#14

Front (Question)

What is alkaline hydrolysis also known as?

Back (Answer)

saponification

#15

Front (Question)

Which hydrolysis is irreversible?

Back (Answer)

saponification / alkaline hydrolysis

#16

Front (Question)

What are the reactions of acyl chlorides?

Back (Answer)

+ ALCOHOL ⟶ ESTER + PHENOL ⟶ ESTER + WATER ⟶ CARBOXYLIC ACID + AMMONIA/AMINE ⟶ AMIDE

#17

Front (Question)

How are acyl chlorides prepared?

Back (Answer)

Carboxylic acid + SOCl2 ⟶ ACYL CHLORIDE + SO2(g) + HCl(g)

#18

Front (Question)

What products made when WATER added to acyl chloride?

Back (Answer)

carboxylic acid + HCl GAS

#19

Front (Question)

What products made when ALCOHOL added to acyl chloride?

Back (Answer)

ester + HCl

#20

Front (Question)

What products made when PHENOL added to acyl chloride?

Back (Answer)

ester + HCl

#21

Front (Question)

What are the conditions for esterification?

Back (Answer)

Concentrated sulfuric acid

#22

Front (Question)

What are the conditions for acid hydrolysis?

Back (Answer)

reflux + dilute acid catalyst

#23

Front (Question)

Which bond is broken in an ester during hydrolysis?

Back (Answer)

C–O

#24

Front (Question)

What are the conditions for alkaline hydrolysis?

Back (Answer)

aqueous OH- reflux