Chapter15
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cell undergoes translation to produce what?
A polypeptide
How do the protein polypeptides know where to go
they. have a signal (their amino acid sequence) that directs them to a specified location
Proteins that are destined to go to the nucleus enter through what?
Through nuclear pores/gates
Proteins that are destined to go to the chloroplast/mitochondria/peroxisome, or ER reach there how?
they are transported by translocators
What is a translocator?
an ER membrane protein with a pore
Proteins that move from the ER to other locations are transported how?
They are transported as cargo by vesicles
To be directed to the ER, proteins must have what?
they must have ER singal
Ribosomes do what to synthesize proteins that obtain the ER proteins
they attach themselves to the ER
How do proteins with the ER signal enter the ER
they are synthesized through the Translocation channels
What happens to all the other proteins that are not meant to go to the ER
they are synthesized by any free ribosomes
what is an SRP
a signal recognition particle
How is a ribosome directed to the ER
with a signal sequence and an SRP
SRP slows what down
the synthesis of proteins
SRP binds what
SRP binds the SRP receptor
Soluble Protein are released into
the ER Lumen
What happens to soluble proteins when they are released into the ER lumen?
they are modified and transported as secreted proteins
What is the difference between soluble proteins and membrane proteins? (in the context of the ER)
Soluble proteins are released into the ER and transported as secreted proteins whereas Membrane proteins remain in the ER and are modified to remain membrane bound
The process of Glycosylation of ER proteins involves the addition of what molecule (to what, and where)?
Oligosaccharides Molecule to specific amino acid residues-on polypeptide chains
The addition of oligossaccharides to amino acids on polypeptide chains, occur during what?
Protein Synthesis
In glycosylation, oligosaccharides are synthsized on which molecule?
Dichol
Dichol is what kind of molecule
A lipid molecule
During glycosylation, oligosaccharides are transferred from dichol molecules after synthesis to where?
to specific asparagine residues (on the polypeptide chain)
The attachment of oligosaccharides to specific asparagine residues is known as what type of glycosylation
N-Linked Glycosylation
What is the purpose of Glycosylation of ER proteins?
functions include; -formation of glycoproteins -immune responses -cell adhesion