Molec and Cell 2
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Competitive inhibition
An inhibitor molecule is similar enough to a substrate that it can bind to an active site to prevent substrates from bonding
Noncompetitive inhibition
An inhibitor molecule binds to an enzyme in a location other than it’s active site
Allosteric site
A site that allows molecules to either activate or inhibit enzyme activity but is not the active site
Allosteric inhibition
Inhibitor molecules bind to enzymes in a location where binding induces a confirmational change that reduces an enzymes affinity for its substrate Substrates bond with less efficiency
Cofactors
Inorganic ions that act as helper molecules to enzymes. They promote optimal conformation and function
Coenzymes
Organic helper molecules with a basic structure of carbon and hydrogen required for enzyme action. They help promote optimal conformation and function
Feedback inhibition
A reactant to regulate its own further production
Induced fit
A mild shift that occurs at an active site to optimize reactions and fit to substrates
Active site
The location within an enzyme where the substrate finds to the enzyme and a reaction occurs
What affects the active site’s micro-environment?
The different properties depend on the unique combination of amino acid residues, R group, their possessions sequences, structures and properties
Denature
A process that changes the substances, natural properties, and may affect function
Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome what?
Competitive inhibition
According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, what can be deduced?
The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzymes active site
The lock and key analogy for enzymes applies to the specificity of enzymes….doing what?
Binding to their substrate
What is the difference in Delta G (Gibbs Free Energy) between a catalyzed reaction to the same reaction without a catalyst?
The catalyzed reaction will have the same Delta G
Delta G stands for what
Change in Gibbs Free Energy
What is the active site in an enzyme?
It is the region involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme
Fluid mosaic model
The plasma membrane is made up of many parts, including carbohydrates, proteins, cholesterol and phospholipids, made up of even smaller parts. These parts are in constant motion.
The function of phospholipids in it the cell membrane
Phospholipids help the cell membranes to function and keeping it toxins out and organelles in
Cholesterol in the plasma membrane
Cholesterol helps act as a buffer where the plasma membrane is not too tight or too loose when made a phospholipids, either saturated or unsaturated
The function of protein channels in the plasma membrane
Protein channels exists as paths in and out of the cell
Carbohydrates in the plasma membrane
Carbohydrates bond with glycoproteins and glycolipids for cell receptors to initiate cell responses and adhesion to cells
The two types of proteins associated with plasma membranes
Integral protein and peripheral protein
Peripheral protein
The protein found on a membrane surface that helps with many functions of the cell, including communication with other cell parts. It may also help with enzymes acting as catalysts for reactions in the cell