B1.1 Anatomical position, planes and movment

Below of further away from the head

Above or nearer to the head

Nearer to where a limb attaches to the body

In front or nearer to the front

Behind or nearer to the back

Located inside or further away from the surface

Located on or near the surface

Further away from the midline of the body

Closer to the midline of the body

80 bones e.g skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column - main function is to provide protection

126 bones e.g femur, clavicle, humerus, pelvis etc - main function is to provide movement

• Protect vital organs - the ribcage surrounds the heart and lungs • Support/posture - framework for the body and the vertebral bones get bigger as you move down to be more supportive • provide attachemtn points for muscles - muscles are attached from one bone to another via tendons when they contrct , they pull on the bones causing morments at joints • Store energy - lipids are stored in yellow bone marrow, which is located inside long bones

Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacral vertebrae Coccygeal vertebrae

Front to back - Sagittal axis

Side to side - Frontal axis

Top to bottom - Longitudinal axis

Flexion: closing of the joint angle Extension: opening of the joint angle

Abduction: opening of the joint angle Adduction: closing of the joint angle

Lateral rotation: moving bone moves towards the lateral aspect of the body

Lifting/moving up e.g shoulders

Dropping/moving down e.g shoulders

Moving forwards and out e.g shoulders towards your chest

Moving backwards and in e.g shoulders moving back

Rotaion of the radioulnar joint (palms down)