Ch. 9
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What are the steps of glycolysis (substrates, products and enzymes)?
• Hexokinase or glucokinase • Phosphoglucoisomerase • Phosphofructokinase-1 • Aldolase • Triose phosphate isomerase • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) • Phosphoglycerate kinase • Phosphoglyceromutase • Enolase • Pyruvate kinase
What is reaction 1 of glycolysis?
Hexokinase or glucokinase - Works via induced-fit mechanism - Phosphorylation reaction - ATP hydrolysis - Mg2+ required
What is reaction 2 of glycolysis?
Phosphoclucoisomerase - Isomerization
What is reaction 3 of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase-1 - Phosphorylation - ATP hydrolysis - Rate-limiting step of entire pathway
What is reaction 4 of glycolysis?
Aldolase - Cleavage - Uses Schiff base as intermediate
What is reaction 5 of glycolysis?
Triose phosphate isomerase - Isomerization - 2 G-3-P are used in the subsequent steps of glycolysis - End of ATP investment stage
What is reaction 6 of glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) - Phosphoryl group transfer - Produces 2 NADH (1 per G-3-P)
What is reaction 7 of glycolysis?
Phosphoglycerate kinase - Substrate-level phosphorylation - Produces 2 ATP - first time ATP made in glycolysis; substrate level phosphorylation
What is reaction 8 of glycolysis?
Phosphoglyceromutase - Phosphoryl shift
What is reaction 9 of glycolysis?
Enolase - Dehydration
What is reaction 10 of glycolysis?
Pyruvate kinase - Substrate-level phosphorylation - Produces 2 ATP
Which stage of glycolysis is ATP investment?
Stage 1 (reactions 1-5)
Which stage of glycolysis is ATP production?
Stage 2 (reactions 6-10)
What are the differences between stage 1 and 2 of glycolysis?
Stage 1 is ATP investment while Stage 2 is ATP production
What are high energy intermediates and why are they important?
• 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate • phosphoenolpyruvate • transfer phosphate groups or hydride ions
Where does oxidation-reduction take place (step, enzyme, substrates and products)?
• Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate - 1st high energy intermediate: 1st high energy intermediate: 1,3 biphosphoglycerate (2 per glucose) - Generates NADH (2 NADH/glucose) - Phosphoryl group transfer
Where does NADH go after glycolysis with and without oxygen? Why is this important to have NAD+ again?
How does regulation work?
How do substrates or molecules before a reaction effect that reaction or subsequent reactions?
How do products of immediate reactions or distant reactions change those reactions?
How do stage 2 products affect stage 1 of glycolysis for example?
What does an allosteric graph look like? What do the 3 curves represent?
How is glycolysis regulated?
review briefly sugars as shown in the ppt.