Chirality
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Mesoforms
Has stereocenters, but is achiral
How do you find the maximum # of stereoisomers?
2^n n= # of chiral centers
Diastereomer
Stereoisomer that is NOT a mirror image or does not fit the definition of an enantiomer
Enantiomer
Perfect mirror image (have the opposite sterochemistry at EVERY CHIRAL CENTER)
Absolute stereochemistry
Defined 3-D spatial arrangement of groups
Stereoisomers
Same connectivity, different arrangements of groups in space (NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE)
How to identify R chirality
Rectus right, clockwise (CW)
How to identify S chirality
Sinister left, counterclockwise (CCW)
How do you prioritize atoms attached to the chiral center?
Determined by atomic number– higher number, higher priority
Steps to determine handedness
Step 1: identify stereocenter - Prioritize atoms attached to chiral center Step 2: Project down the bond grom stereocenter to lowest priority group - determine the direction of groups 1-3 Step 3: direction is CCW, CW, G4 is back= keep answer - direction is CW, CCW, G4 is forward= switch
Which is more stable: straight chain or branched chain?
Branched chain
C=O
Carboneal Double bond- count 2 carbons
C (triple bond) C
Triple bond- count 3 carbons
How do you use ΔG to solve for equilibrium constant?
ΔG= -R · T · ln(Ke) or Ke= e^[(-ΔG)/(R·T)]
R gas constant value
8.314
When do you add or subtract A values to find ΔG?
You add the values if the molecule is cis, and subtract them if they are trans.