EVOLUTION & TAXONOMY
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Binomial Nomenclature
A formal naming system for organisms
Taxonomy
The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups
What are the 8 major division or taxa?
Domain, kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Linnaeus
Grouped based on visuals, similarities, and differences (VERY outdated by now)
What are the 3 Domains?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryotes
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Archaea, Eubactaria, Protista, fungi, plants, animals
Prokaryote
Has no nucleus
Eukaryote
Has a nucleus
Autotrophic
makes own food automatically
Heterotrophic
needs to obtain food physically
Archaea
Prokaryotes/ unicellular/ cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan/ lives in extreme environments
Eubacteria
Prokaryotes/ unicellular/ cell walls = peptidoglycan
Protitista
Eukaryotes/ unicellular or multicellular (very diverse)/ cell walls = cellulose
Fungi
Eukaryotes/ multicellular (except yeast)/ heterotroph/ cell walls = chitin
Plants
Eukaryotes/ Multicellular/ Autotroph (through photosynthesis)/ Cell walls = Chitin
Animals
Eukaryotes/ NO cell walls, but cell membranes/ Multicellular/ Heterotroph/ most move
Cell Wall
Support Structure outside the cell membrane, can be either present or absent
Chitin
Glucose-base
Cellulose
linked glucose-based chains
Peptidoglycan
Sugar/Amino Acid material
What are three things that make two organisms closely related?
Homologous physical structure, DNA & Genetic make up, Common ancestor
Do organisms evolve by inheriting or acquiring traits?
Inheriting traits