Environmental Chemistry
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Troposphere range and what happens there
to the height of 10km from the sea level troposphere contains air,much water vapor and clouds, strong air movement happens here
Stratosphere range and what happens there
10-50 km above the sea level stratosphere contains dinitrogen dioxygen,ozone, and little water vapour
In which sphere is ozone layer present
stratosphere
What are the harmful effect of SO2 on humans and plants
respiratory disease like asthma bronchitis and also causes tears and redness to eyes for plants in high concentration makes the buds fall off due to hardenins
NO2 is oxidized to NO3- by what condition
at high altitudes when the lighting strikes
What are harmful effect of NO2 on traffic area,plants and animals
irritant red haze in the traffic and congested places high concentration damages the leavves of pants and retard the rate of photosynthesis for animals its a lung irritant that can lead to respiratory diseases
Greenhouse gases list
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), ozone and water vapor
Acid rain pH
less than 5.6
Dry and wet deposition eg
oxides of nitrogen and sulfur which are acidic in nature can be blown by the wind along with solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog and snow as wet deposition aerosol particles of oxides or ammonium salts in rain drops result in wet deposition
Mists are produced by
mists are produced by particles of spray liquids and by condensation of vapors in air
Classical smog content,where does it occurs and is also called
it contains a mixture smoke and fog and sulfur dioxide it occurs in cool humid climate it is a reducing mixture and so it is also called reducing smog
Photochemical smog content,where does it occurs and is also called
it contains unsaturated hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide, ozone, nitric oxide, acrolein, formaldehyde, and PAN(peroxyacetyl nitrate) produced by automobiles and factories it occurs in warn dry and sunny climate it usually contains oxidizing agents and is therefore called oxidizing smog
How are formaldehyde,acrolein and peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) formed
(reverse) ozone and NO2 can react with unburnt Hydrocarbons in the polluted air to produce them
harmful effect of nitrogen and ozone
irritation of nose and throat and in high concentration cause difficulty in breathing , cough,chestpain
Which plants can metabolise NO2
pinus,juniparus,quercus pyrus and vitis
What are the most srs water pollutants
disease causing pathogens
What BOD
biochemical oxygen demand :- the amount of organic material in the water in terms of how much oxygen will be required to break it down biologically
Clean water BOD =
less than 5ppm
the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water below which the growth of fish fets inhibited
6 ppm
What results in the growth of algae
fertilizers containing phosphates
Whats eutrophication
the process in which nutrient-enriched water bodies support a dense plant population which kills animal life by depriving g it of oxygen and results in subsequent loss of biodiversity
fluorine,lead,sulphate,nitrate concentration recommended in water?!
fluorine: - 1 ppm lead: - 50 ppb sulphate: - 500 ppm nitrate: - 50 ppm
harmful effect by excess flourine concentration in water?!
helps in making the enamel on teeth by converting hydroxyapatite above 2ppm causes brown mottling of teeth above 19ppm it causes a harmful effect on bones and teeth
harmful effect by excess lead concentration in water?!
if more than 50 ppb it can cause damage to kidney,liver and reporductive organics