nervous system
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What is the nervous system?
A system that sends messages to control the body.
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
CNS = brain + spinal cord PNS = nerves outside CNS
What is a neuron?
A nerve cell that sends messages.
Why are reflexes important?
They protect you from danger by reacting fast.
What is a reflex arc?
A fast automatic response that goes to the spinal cord, not the brain.
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic?
Sympathetic = fight or flight, prepares the body for stress/emergencies Parasympathetic = rest and digest. tells the body to calm down and relax
What is a concussion ?symptoms ? second syndrome?
A brain injury caused by a hit to the head. Symptoms of concussion: Headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea second impact syndrome: Second concussion before healing → very dangerous
What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
A disease where the body attacks myelin, slowing nerve messages.
What protects the brain?
Skull Meninges Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical that sends messages between neurons (like adrenaline).
Name the parts of a neuron.
Dendrites, soma (cell body), nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals
What does multiple sclerosis cause?
Slow messages, loss of function, weakness, poor coordination
What does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary movement (muscles, things u choose to do) ex) walking, talking, writing
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Automatic actions (heart, digestion, breathing)
What does the cerebrum control?
Thinking, memory, conscious actions
What does the cerebellum control?
Balance and coordination
What does the medulla control?
Heart rate, breathing, reflexes
What is Alzheimer’s? what does it affect?
Degenerative brain disease. affects :Memory, thinking, behavior
What does adrenaline (norepinephrine) do?
A: Increases heart rate, alertness, energy