Experiment #7: Aldehydes And Ketones
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IDENTIFICATION: Aldehydes and Ketones with ____________ are soluble in water and form neutral solutions (pH=7)
fewer five atoms
It is the general test for aldehydes and ketones
2,4 - DNP Test
What is the reagent for 2,4-DNP test?
2,4 - dinitrophenylhydrazine
What is the positive result of 2,4 - DNP Test?
Formation of orange-yellow or orange-red precipitate from a carbon-oxygen double bond in an aldehyde or ketone
TRUE OR FALSE Ketones are readily oxidized to carboxylic acids whereas Aldehydes cannot be readily oxidized under acidic conditions
FALSE; Aldehydes are readily oxidized while Ketones cannot be readily oxidized under acidic conditions
What is the test for aldehydes where the reagent is Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate?
Tollen’s Test
What is the positive result for Tollen’s Test?
Formation of elemental silver, accumulated onto the inner surface of the reaction vessel, producing silver mirror on the inner surface of the vessel
It is test for aldehydes where the reagent is Fehling’s solution A (CuSO4) and Fehling’s solution B (sodium potassium tartrate or Rochelle salt and stong alkali - NaOH)
Fehling’s Test
What is the positive result for Fehling’s Test?
Formation of red precipitate (cuprous oxide)
It is a test for aldehydes where the reagent is 4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (heterocyclic compound)
Purpald Test
Purpald Test reacts with aldehydes to form a ____________?
Cyclic Derivative
TRUE OR FALSE: When react with the reagent, the cyclic derivative is then oxidized by exposure to air and forms an intensely colored (usually purple) product.
TRUE
It is a test for aldehydes where the reagent is CrO3/H2SO4
Jones Test
What is the positive result for Jones Test?
disappearance of orange color (Jones’ reagent) and appearance of greenish precipitate
In Jones Test, Aldehydes are rapidly oxidized to __________?
Carboxylic Acids
What is the reagent for Schiff’s Test?
Schiff’s Reagent
What is the positive result for Schiff’s Test?
appearance of pink or magenta color
It is a test for ketones where the reagent is m-dinitrobenzene
m-dinitrobenzene test
What is the positive result for m-dinitrobenzene test?
appearance of violet color
It is a test for ketones where the reagent is sodium nitroprusside in alkaline medium
Rothera’s Test
What is the positive result for Rothera’s Test?
Appearance of red color complex
It is a polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones
Carbohydrates
What are the classifications of Carbohydrates?
• Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Polysaccharides
It is a reduction test for carbohydrates
Benedict’s Test