Atomic structure
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How many different types of elements are there?
118
How much oxygen makes up the earths atmosphere
21%
What is a compound
A compound is a chemical substance made up of 2 or more elements that are chemically joined together
Key features of a chemical reaction
• compounds are broken or formed • at least 1 new substance is created -measurable energy change -no atoms are created or destroyed
What is a reactant
-the chemicals that are reacting with each other
what is a product
the chemicals being made
why do equations need to be balanced
because atoms cannot be created or destroyed
name the different types of chemical equations
symbol equations and word equations
what are mixtures
consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together
name all separation techniques
evaporation filtration chromotography fractional distillation simple distillation
what does chromotography do
separates components from a mixture
what does filtration do
Filtration separates mixtures that contain insoluble (can’t dissolve) solids and liquids (which are soluble).
how does filtration work
Filtration is performed by pouring the mixture through filter paper: The insoluble solid is trapped by the filter paper. The liquid runs through the filter paper and is collected below.
what does fractional distillation do
separates alot of liquids with different boiling points
what does simple distillation do
separates a solid from a liquid whilst keeping the liquid
what is the radius of an atom
0.1 nanometres
what is the radius of a nucleus
1x10^-14 m
features of the nucleus
• in the middle of the atom • contains protons and neutrons • overall positive charge because of the protons • where most of the atoms mass is concentrated
features of electrons
• move around the nucleus in electron shells • negatively charged and tiny, but cover a lot of space • the volume of their orbits determine the size of the atom • have basically no mass–
where is the mass number
at the top
wheres the atomic number
at the bottom of the element
what is an element
a substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number
what are isotopes
different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
what is the relative atomic mass
the average mass, taking into account the different masses and abundances of all the isotopes that make up the element