Week 3
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immunogenic peptide-MHC class I
pMHCI presented on nucleated cells recog by CD8+ cells
immunogenic peptide-MHC class II
pMHCII presented on APC (dendritic cells, B-cells, Macrophages) recog by CD4+ cells
antibody neutralization
antibody binds to bac toxin and neutralizes toxic effect antibody-toxin complex binds to macrophage receptors macrophage ingest and degrade complex
antibody opsonization
bac opsonized by antibody coating bac bound by IgG, allowing antibody constant region to point outwards and engage macrophage receptors macrophage phagocytoses
antibody complement activation
antibody bound to bac activates complement system results in complement C3b being bound to bac surface C3b and constant regions bind to macrophages
lymphocyte maturation
B-cells mature in BM T-cells mature in thymus
1º lymphoid tissue
BM and thymus
2º lymphoid tissue
lymphatic system
lymph flow
leave as efferent lymph, return to bld at L subclavian vein after passing through thoracic duct
lymph node
2º lymph tissue small kidney shaped, 1-2 cm, <1 g located at lymphatic junctions composed of a cortex and medulla
lymphocyte location in lymph nodes
B-cells: lymphoid follicles in outer cortex, form a germinal center in infection T-cells inner cortex (paracortex)
dendritic cells and lymph nodes
dendritic cells become residents and move to T-cell areas stim differentiation of local small lymphocytes into effector cells HT and CT cells travel to infection site HT cells stay in node to stim division of B-cells
plasma cells and lymph nodes
mode into medulla of lymph secrete antibodies antibodies taken into tissue by efferent lymph and bld some plasma cells leave node and travel to tissue
adaptive immunity in lymph nodes
when activates, WBC stay in node to divide into effector cells WBC not activated by a specific antigen leave the node and travel back into the bld
spleen
ULQ wt: 150 g red pulp: extensive, where old/damaged RBC are removed white pulp: 2º lymph tissue
periarterial lymph sheath on spleen
WBC near arteriole are mostly T-cells B-cells stim peripherally
lymphoid follicles in spleen
germinal center B-cell corona marginal zone (macrophages, differentiating B-cells)
perifollicular zone in spleen
abuts red pulp contains RBCs, macrophages, T and B-cells
gut associated lymphoid tissue
GALT M-cells in gut epithelia detect pathogens and bring to GALT similar to white pulp and lymph nodes distinctive B and T-cell zones, lymphoid follicles and germinal centers
standing army
innate immunity soluble peptides prots (Defensins) complement system pentraxins
mechanical barriers
epithelial cells with tight junctions flow of air/fluids mucus movement via cilia tears and nasal cilia
chemical barriers
fatty acids antimicrobial peptides and enzymes low pH pulmonary surfactant
complement system
plasma prots that mark pathogens made in liver, circ in bld, lymph and EC fluid mark for neutrophils and macrophages
C3 cleavage
cleaved into C3a and C3b most C3b react w H2O, some react w hydroxyl/a.a groups on pathogens