Seed Plants

produce naked seeds needle like leaves four groups vascular no water system no vascular tissue in needles

cycads -grow in mainly tropical areas conifers - “cone bearing” needles all year long ginkgoes - one species left, clean air pollution gnetophytes - tend to be bushes and vines

• pollen (male) falls into ovule (female) • fertilization • seed becomes multicellular and uses stored food • when the seed is mature the scale will open again and disperse the seed

stays in female cone until mature & scale opens

pine tree (male), cones (female), wind spreads pollen to female, pollen gets trapped, fertilization, seed development, seed dispersal, germination, new plant produces female and male cones

limber paper rosin turpentine rayon fibers cellophane wrappers

they produce flowers seeds enclosed with fruit

sepal - leaf-like structure that completely surrounds flower when young petal - different in shape,size, number, and color stamen - male parts, 3 parts (pollen, anther, filament), more than one stamen pistil - female part, one pistil, bottom holds ovary, stalk called style, top part is the stigma

birds, bats, bees, flies, and insects can also self pollinate

1) seed coat 2) embryo 3) stored food

monocot dicot

parallel veins bundles of tissue scattered parts in 3

branching veins bundles of tissue in ring parts in 4-5

plants reaction to stimulus

when plants go toward (+) or away (-) from the stimulus

chemical released that causes a plant to speed up division

period of time where the plant doesn’t grow

1 year life cycle 2 year life cycle 2+ year life cycle

the amount of darkness a plant receives determines the time of flowering in many plants

short-day plant - poinsettas long-day plants - iris