Chapter 4 Outline-nutrition
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Define metabolism
Changes which a good undergoes after absorption
Define digestion
Preparation of good for absorption
Define Absorption
Taking up of fluids or other substances by the skin, mucks, mucus surface, and absorption vessels.
Define assimilation
Transformation of good into living tissue
What two categories can feeds be divided into
Roughages and concentrates
Define feed
Substances eaten and digested that provides essential nutrients
Define roughages
Feed that is high in fiber and low in digestibility Hay or grass-type products
Define concentrates
Low in fiber and high in digestibility
Define ration
The feed allowed an animal in a 24-hour period
Define a balanced ration
A ration that provides the nutrients in the correct amount and ratio to properly nourish an animal for a 24-hour period
Define nutrient
A group of general structures that aid in the support of life.
What are the six nutrients
Water Protein Carbohydrates Minerals Vitamins Fats
What are the five functions of water
Dissolve and carry nutrients Control body temperature Shape of cells Excretion of waste Digestive process
What are the two symptoms of water deficiency
Decrease feed intake Decease growth
What are the four functions of proteins
Body building Hormones Enzymes Hair and skin pigmentation
What kind of amino acids do non-ruminants need
• Need specific amino acids - Need a high quality protein containing a large variety if amino acids
What kind of amino acids do ruminants need
They do not need a wide variety of protein because they can synthesize needed amino acids through the actions of microorganisms in the rumen.
What are some good protein sources
Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Legume Hays - Alfalfa Hay
What are three situations where protein in needed
Young Pregnant Lactating
What are the functions of carbohydrates
• To provide energy - Energy is used for maintenance, growth, fattening, reproduction, and lactation
What are the three classifications for carbohydrates
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides and give examples
The simplest form of carbohydrates Glucose and fructose
What are disaccharides and give some examples
Two attached sugars Sucrose- cane sugar Lactose- milk sugar Maltose- malt sugar
What are polysaccharides and some examples
Starch and cellulose