1.1 - 1.1.2 Skeletal System (it's all gone crazy)
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What is the function of the axial skeleton?
It is more rigid than the appendicular system and it’s main function is to provide protection of important structures in the body.
What is the axial skeleton comprised of?
It is comprised of: cranium (skull), vertebral column (spine), ribs, and sternum (breastbone). The vertebral column consists of cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5), and coccyx (4 fused as 1).
What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?
It’s main function is for movement and support. The pectoral and pelvis girdle attach the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton.
What are the four types of bones?
Long, Flat, Short, Irregular
Function of long bones + example
Provide strength, structure and mobility eg. humerus, femur
Function of flat bones + example
To protect internal organs eg. skull
Function of short bones + example
Provide stability and fine movements eg. phalanges
Function of irregular bones + example
More complexed shapes eg. pelvis
What is a cartilage joint + example?
A resilient and smooth elastic tissue that acts like padding and covers the end of long bones. Structural component of the ribs, ears etc.
What is a ligament?
Connects two bones
What is a tendon?
A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
What is a fibrous joint? + example
A thin layer of fibrous tissue connecting the edges of the 2 bones. No movement is allowed at these joints eg. between the individual bones in the skull
What is a cartilaginous joint? + example
Bones are separated by fibrocartilage dics or by a thick layer of hyaline cartilage limited movement allowed at the joint eg. pelvis, vertebrae
What is a synovial joint? + example
The most common occurring joint in the body. Most important joint for mobility eg. elbow, knee
What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?
• Protection of vital organs • Storage and release of mineral • Attachment point for muscles, movement • Blood cell production (haemopoeisis) • Energy storage • Shape/support
What does the protection of vital organs mean?
The skeleton protects the most important internal organs from injury e.g. ribcage, skull, vertebrae eg. rugby
What does storage and release of mineral mean?
Mineral homeostasis - bones act as reservoirs storing vital minerals such as calcium and phosphorus - used for muscle contraction and nerve activity
What does attachment point for muscles/movement mean?
• bones are connected by ligaments • muscles run from one bone to another • connected to bones via tendons • muscle/tendon contraction causes joint movements • has joints to allow different types of movement
What does blood cell production mean?
• RBCs, WBCs, and platelets produced in red bone marrow • found in flat bones (ribs) and the end of long bones (femur)
What does energy storage mean?
• lipids are stored inside yellow bone marrow • located inside long bones
What does shape and support mean?
• skeleton serves as the structural framework for the body • each part bears the weight of all the structures above it
BE ABLE TO LABEL
BONES OF THE BODY
What is the acronym for vertebral column?
Cute teddies love some cuddles
What does acronym stand for?
Cute - cervical Teddies - thoracic Love - lumbar Some - sacrum Cuddles - coccyx